- Dr Mandal’s research papers on Micelles, Mixed Micelles, Emulsions and proteins over the last five years have attracted considerable international attention, including over 1500 reprint requests. The work on Huggins-Thomas-Mandal equation formalism, determination of exact micellar geometry including hydration concept and its application to Biology and Industry has triggered further activity in this direction as evidenced by citation in original publications, Books, Ph.D Thesis and periodical reviews (cf. Accounts of Chem.Res. 16, 251-258,1983; J.Mol.Struc.N, 158, 387,1987; Analyt. Chem. (R), 55,1918,1983; Surfactant Systems Their Chemistry, Pharmacy and Biology, 1983, Chapman and Hall, London and New York; Langmuir, 7, 2872, 1991; J.Phys.Chem., 92, 1548, 1988; J.Phys.Chem., 92, 7112, 1988; J.Phys.Chem., 93, 2512, 1989; 95, 9525, 1991; Langmuir, 7, 898,1991; Bull.Chem.Soc.Japan, 64, 2610, 1991; J.Colloid Interface Sci., 151, 157, 1992 and many others which have been shown in Science Citation Index).
- He has first investigated that synthetic tanning materials (syntan) form micelles and explained the tanning mechanism using micellization and thermodynamic concepts. He has also studied the dynamics of the cleavage of Cutch (Acacia Catechu) and the role of surfactant micelles to get a suitable solubilized product within short time which has special importance to the leather industry. He has also highlighted the interactions of syntans with protein.
- The work on mutual interactions of nonionic and ionic detergents composed of Triton X-100, Tween-20, Tween-80, SDS and CTAB and their mixed micelle formation is helpful for the extraction of lipid like materials from the cell membranes. The work on interaction between oppositely charged surfactants, multicomponent systems, phase diagram and its phase transformation is extremely useful in biology and industry (cf. J.Colloid Interface Sci., 128, 427, 1989; Colloid Polymer Sci., 267, 246, 1989; J.Phys.Chem., 95, 9525, 1991; J.Phys.Chem., 93, 2512, 1989; J.Phys.Chem., 94, 350, 1990; Langmuir, 4, 187, 1988; J.Lipid Res., 24, 1281, 1983; Indian J.Biochem.Biophys., 21, 17, 1984; Chem.Letts., 191, 1986; J.Phys.Chem., 91,3291, 1987; Ph.D. Thesis, Rhodes Univ., South Africa, 1992; Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Canada, 1986; Ph.D. Thesis, Madras Univ., 1993). Dr Mandal has first investigated that collagen forms micelles. The work on micelle formation of collagen and its interaction with ionic and nonionic surfactant micelles has evoked considerable interest and this is evident from further work along these lines in other groups. His work on Collagen-Surfactant interactions has generated wide interests with more than 200 reprint requests from various research groups around the world having been received within two months of the publications (European J.Biochem., 169, 617-628, 1987 and Biochem.J., 249, 127-133, 1988).In particular, the work on Collagen-Surfactant complexes was highly appreciated by David A. Trentham, FRS (National Medical Research Council, London), Thomas E.Creighton(Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, London),Milos Chvapil (Dept. of Surgical Biology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, USA), Alen J. Bailey (Univ. of Bristol, England), H. Durchschlag (Inst. fur Bio-physikalische Chemie, Universitat Regensburg , W.Germany) and others. The current activity, especially in hydrodynamic and thermodynamic studies on Collagen-Surfactant interaction and conformational changes, draws inspiration entirely from the work of Dr Mandal. This work is extremely useful in Collagen based cosmetics industry and dermatological formulations.
- The work has also motivated effort on new phase diagram and suitable Electrochemical (EC) probes for Micelles and Reverse Micelles in Cyclic Voltammetric and other electrochemical experiments which has been evidenced by citations in original publications (cf. J.Appl.Electrochem., 22, 558, 1992; J.Colloid Interface Sci., 143, 423, 1991; J.Electrochem.(N), 304, 257, 1991; J.Colloid Interface Sci., 135, 263, 1990; Tetrahedron, 47, 5245, 1991; Analytical Chim., 269, 59, 1992; J.Polymer Sci.(PC), 29, 525, 1991). Recently, Murray, et.al, Avranas, et.al, Macdonald et.al and Rusling,et.al(cf.,J.Phys.Chem. 99,8804,1995; Langmuir,12, 253,1996; Langmuir,10, 2064, 1994, J.Colloid Interface Sci., 164, 309, 1994; Electroanalytical Chem., Bard, A.J., Ed., Marcel Dekker, N.Y, 1994, Vol.18) have detected anisotropic diffusion of EC probes incorporated into monodomain lamellar phases of Cs pentadeca fluorooctanoate/D2O system by CV technique using our original concepts. Diffusional anisotropy ratios, D|^ / D|| , were 2.0 for [Fe(CN)6]4- and 19.3 for ferrocenyl methyl trimethyl ion and the differences in diffusional anisotropies for these two probes are attributed to hydrophobic and Coulombic interactions between the probe species and the ordered phase on the basis of probe solubility in water. This explanation is supported by our recent results that [Fe(CN)6]4- has a small or zero partition coefficient between SDS micelles and its aqueous phase. They have also highly appreciated our recent result that Ferrocene is also strongly bound to SDS micelles. Utilizing this concept of the location, self-diffusion and solubilization of the EC probe in different regions of Micelles and Reverse Micelles, many researchers are still following up this technique. In particular, recently Prof.Dr. Anton Rieker, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Universitat Tubingen, Germany; Prof.Dr. K. Lunkenheimer, Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid-und Grenzflachenforschung, Germany, are doing Electrochemical experiments to solubilize Vitamin E and C in Micelles (J.Chem.Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 905-910, 1998).
- Dr Mandal synthesized, characterization and Micelle forming ability of methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) based Macromonomer, Graft copolymer and Homopolymers in aqueous solutions (cf. Macromolecules, 26, 4083, 1993) have attracted several attentions. Recently, Eckert and Webber (Macromolecules, 29, 560, 1996), Bonnansp (Polym.Bull., 34, 141, 1995) and Kevelam & Engberts ( J.Colloid Interface Sci.,178, 87, 1996) have cited the Dr Mandal’s abovementioned paper and specially mentioned that the synthesized napthalene-tagged copolymer micelles based on Polystyrene-alt-maleic anhydride graft-poly (ethylene oxide) is similar to Dr Mandal’s synthesized graft copolymer with PEO side chains with a molecular weight 350 and found to be highly water soluble and to form micelles. They have also highlighted the applications of PS-PEO graft copolymers to serve as supports for solid-phase peptide synthesis and extensive review of this topic of water-soluble polymers has recently appeared.
- Dr Mandal's synthesized peptides and their micelle forming abilities both in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, their aggregation, Hydrogen bonding, Conformational and thermodynamic studies (J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun., 237-238, 1993; Chem.Commun., 853-855, 1993 ; Faraday Trans., 89, 3075-3079, 1993; Faraday Trans., 90 , 161-165,1994; Faraday Trans., 90, 2725-2730,1994) have also attracted several attentions which have been evidenced by citations in original publications, recently ( Fuhrhop Jurgen-Hinrich and Koning Jurgen, "Membranes and Molecular Assemblies: The Synkinetic Apprroach", in Supramolecular Chemistry Series, Ed.:J. Fraser Stoddart, FRS Published by Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994, Ch.5, p.140; Tetrahedron,49, 2751,1993; J.Polym.Sci.Polym.Chem., 32, 2797, 1994 (N);Int.J.Peptide Protein Res., 45, 129, 1995; Int.J.Peptide Protein Res., 45, 386,1995. Recently,Prof.Dr.Luisi, Institut fur Polymere-Supramolekulare Chemie, ETH Zentrum, Switzerland, has been quite impressed about Dr Mandal's Peptide Micelle Research works so that he has already paid a visit to Dr Mandal's laboratory and deliverd two lectures in Oct.,1995(For details, please see enclosed letter which had been written by Prof.Dr. Luisi to Dr. Mandal).
- Recently, Dr Mandal’s papers (J.Phys. Chem., 95, 9008, 1991; J.Chem.Soc., Faraday Trans., 87 , 133, 1991; Langmuir,4, 736, 1988; Bull.Electrochem., 4, 565, 1988; Langmuir,9, 1932, 1993; J.Phys.Chem., 84, 856, 1980) of electrochemistry on micellar systems,Diffusivity, Partition coefficient, Molecular dynamics, interactions and hydrodynamic radius of the micelles, location, solubilization,solvation, correlation times and geometry have also attracted considerable attentions which have evidenced by citations in original publications(cf. J.Phys.Chem., 99 ,8804, 1995; Langmuir, 10, 2064, 1994; J.Colloid Interface Sci.,164, 309, 1994; J.Colloid Interface Sci., 170, 392, 1995; Langmuir, 1996; Colloids and Surfaces, 1996; J.Colloid Interface Sci., 173, 265, 1995; Electroanal., 6, 791, 1994; Colloids and Surfaces(A), 82, 1,1994 (R); J.Chin.Chem., 41, 159, 1994; Biochem., 32, 1162, 1993; J.Photochem.(A), 71, 257, 1993; J.Colloid Interface Sci., 160, 293, 1993; J.Phys.Chem., 97, 7304, 1993, Colloids and Surfaces(A),90, 25, 1994; J.Appl.Polym., 47, 1813, 1993; Colloids and Surfaces(A), 70, 219, 1993; Eur.Polym.J., 31, 149, 1995). The authors have also used the above ideas in their papers entitled "Electrochemical measurements of Anisotropic diffusion in thin lyotropic liquid crystal films using interdigitated array electrodes", "Electroreduction of 2,2'-dinitrobiphenyl in anionic, cationic and nonionic micellar systems", "Polymerization of hydrophobic 3-alkylpyrroles from aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate", "Electrochemical investigations of redox species in aqueous surfactant solutions using ultramicroelectrode", "Effect of several inorganic additives on solutions of nonionic surfactant micelles and properties", "Surface activity and micelle formation of anionic azobenzene-linked surfactants using surface tension and cyclic voltammetric techniques" and "Assessment of microstructure and diffusion properties of polymer microlatexes-in-water microemulsions by electrochemical method" where Dr Mandal was fortunately one of the reviewers of the above papers.
- Recently, Bachofer,S.J. has cited our work (J.Colloid Interface Sci. 161, 292-298, 1993) and mentioned that "Conductivity, a simple method to probe micellar solutions (in the laboratory)" which has recently been appeared (Please see, J.Chem.Edu., 73(9), 861-864, 1996).
- The most recent work of Dr Mandal in the field of Macromonomer and Polymeric Surfactants, Peptide Micelles, Conformational analysis, Aggregation, Hydrogen-Bonding, Self-Diffusion, Heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant and Thermodynamic studies are so important that more than 500 reprint requests have been received. Dr Mandal is in the Editorial Advisory Board for National and International Journals, National and International Conferences Organising Committee member and also actively engaged in reviewing papers for J. Am. Chem. Soc., J. Phys. Chem., Macromolecules, Langmuir, Biomacromolecules, Colloid & Polym. Sci., Colloids and Surfaces, J. Colloid Interface Sci., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., Chem. Comm., J. Material Chem., J. Chem. Phys., Chem. Phys., Chemical Phys. Letts., J. Mol. Liquids, European J. Biochem., Bioelectrochem., Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., J. Surface Sci. Technology, and some Indian Journals viz. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chemical sciences), J. Indian Chem. Soc., Indian J. Chem., Ind. J. Biochem. Biophys., Bull. Electrochem., Current Science, etc. Dr Mandal has also evaluated many M. Phil and Ph. D. theses. He has evaluated the nomination papers for Young Scientists’ and Bhatnagar Awardees and also various research proposals and scientific papers. Overall, Dr Mandal has built up excellence in Basic Scientific Research, which has tremendous applications in Chemistry, Biology and Industry.
|
